There are many rules to mushroom picking, which are dependent on the various species or forms of mushrooms that are found. However, below are seven general tried and tested rules to follow:
Always Positively Identify: Never consume a mushroom unless you are 100% certain of its identity. Many edible mushrooms have toxic look-alikes, and a mistake can be fatal.
When in Doubt, Throw it Out: If you have any doubt about the edibility of a mushroom, it's better to err on the side of caution. No meal is worth the risk of poisoning.
Use Reliable Resources: Always refer to reputable field guides or consult with local mycologists (mushroom experts) when identifying mushrooms. Online communities such as this one with its associated Mushroom Identification Facebook group can be helpful, but they should not be solely relied upon.
Start with Easily Recognizable Species: As a beginner, focus on a few edible mushrooms that have no poisonous look-alikes. As you gain experience, you can gradually expand your knowledge. For instance, the edible boletus species are very distinctive as they do not have gills and look nothing like other deadly species such as the death cap.
Check the Environment: The habitat where a mushroom grows can provide crucial identification clues. For example, some mushrooms only grow near certain types of trees like the Saffron Milk Cap which generally grows in pine forests.
Learn from Poisonings: Understand the symptoms of mushroom poisoning and what to do in case of ingestion. Knowing how to respond can be lifesaving.
Avoid Picking Very Young or Old Specimens: Young mushrooms may not have developed identifiable features, and older ones may harbor bacteria and other pathogens.
Remember, mushroom foraging can be a rewarding experience, but it's essential to approach it with respect and caution. Always prioritize safety over curiosity. If you are unsure about the best way to learn about mushroom hunting, try our proven technique by joining one of our courses on the front page of this site.