Understanding Wood Lovers Paralysis: Causes, Symptoms, and Precautions
Wood Lovers Paralysis (WLP) is a rare, temporary condition that can occur hours after consuming certain species of psilocybin-containing mushrooms. It is named for its association with fungi that predominantly grow on decaying wood. Despite its occurrence among users, the underlying biological mechanism remains unknown, and scientific research on the condition is still limited.
Associated Mushroom Species
WLP has been most frequently reported in Australia and New Zealand and is linked primarily to three potent psilocybin mushroom species: Psilocybe azurescens, Psilocybe cyanescens, and Psilocybe subaeruginosa. These species belong to the same phylogenetic group and are known for their high concentrations of psilocybin, psilocin, and possibly other alkaloids that could contribute to paralysis-like effects¹.
Symptoms and Onset
Symptoms of WLP typically begin within 1 to 4 hours after ingestion. Reports suggest that it often starts with muscle weakness, particularly in the facial muscles, but it can also originate in the hands or feet. In some cases, the paralysis spreads throughout the entire body, leaving individuals temporarily immobilized for several hours. Notably, individuals experiencing WLP maintain full cognitive awareness, distinguishing it from conditions such as stroke or drug overdose.
Potential Causes and Research Gaps
While the precise cause remains unclear, hypotheses suggest that additional alkaloids present in wood-loving mushrooms, such as beta-carbolines or unidentified neuroactive compounds, may contribute to neuromuscular inhibition. However, no conclusive studies have determined whether environmental factors, specific metabolic pathways, or fungal toxins play a role.
Harm Reduction and Safety Recommendations
Although little is known about the long-term impact of WLP, it is essential to take precautions when consuming wild mushrooms. While the safest approach is to abstain from recreational use, the following harm reduction strategies can help mitigate potential risks:
- Limit consumption to low doses, as higher doses may increase the likelihood of WLP.
- Avoid redosing within a short time frame, as this could exacerbate symptoms.
- Do not mix psilocybin mushrooms with alcohol or other substances, as interactions may heighten risks.
- Ensure a safe and controlled environment, ideally in the company of a sober and experienced sitter.
- Be mindful of environmental factors, as exposure to cold temperatures has been reported to correlate with increased paralysis risk.
What to Do in a Medical Emergency
If you suspect someone is experiencing Wood Lovers Paralysis or another adverse reaction to psilocybin mushrooms, stay calm and take the following steps:
- Monitor breathing and ensure the individual is in a safe, comfortable position.
- Encourage slow, deep breathing to reduce panic or distress.
- Do not attempt to force movement if paralysis is present.
- Call emergency services (dial 111) if symptoms worsen or do not resolve within a few hours.
If you're interested in learning how to safely identify psilocybin mushrooms, consider enrolling in our Psilocybin Mushroom Identification Course led by a licensed pharmacist.
References
¹ Dörner S, Rogge K, Fricke J, et al. Genetic Survey of Psilocybe Natural Products. ChemBioChem. 2022;23(14). doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/cbic.202200249